Tuesday, August 4, 2009

Star Plot


This star plot shows attribute relationships between 5 different designs of a product. A star plot is a graphical data analysis technique for examining the relative behavior of all variables in a multivariate data set. The star plot consists of a sequence of equi-angular spokes. Each spoke represents a different variable in the multivariate data set.

Image Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/MER_Star_Plot.gif

Correlation Matrix



In this matrix, types of returns over 35 years are compared on a monthly scale. A correlation matrix describes correlation among X number of variables.

Image Source:http://www.investors-routemap.co.uk/images/correlation.gif

Similarity Matrix


This image is of a genetic similarity matrix. A similarity matrix is a matrix of scores which express the similarity between two data points. Higher scores are given to more-similar characters, and lower or negative scores for dissimilar characters.

Image Source: http://www.scielo.cl/fbpe/img/ejb/v10n4/a10/ap2b.jpg

Stem and Leaf Plot


This stem and leaf plot depicts infant mortality rates in Western Africa. A stem and leaf plot in statistics is a device for presenting quantitative data in graphical format.

Image Source: http://mainland.cctt.org/mathsummer/JosephBond/StemAndPlots/images/table2.gif

Box Plot


This box plot shows the stopping distances of three different designs of a product. Box plots can be useful to display differences between populations without making any assumptions of the underlying statistical distribution they are non-parametric. The spacings between the different parts of the box help indicate the degree of dispersion and skewness in the data, and identify outliers. Box plots can be drawn either horizontally or vertically.

Image Source: http://math.youngzones.org/boxplot.gif

Histogram


This histogram shows how many students scored in each of 5 categories. A histogram is a graphical display of frequencies, and shows what proportion of cases fall into each of several categories.

Image Source: http://media.techtarget.com/digitalguide/images/Misc/iw_histogram.gif

Parallel Coordinate Graph


This graph shows many different baseball statistics, and how they relate to each other. A parallel coordinate graph is a data visualization technique used in analyzing large sets of multivariate data. Each variable in the data plot is represented as its own Y Axis on the graph. A maximum point for each Y axis is selected, and they are scaled relatively to each other so that each variable takes up the same area in the graph space.

Image Source: http://www.matthewtavares.com/baseball_report/

Triangular Plot


This is a flammability diagram for Methane. The diagram shows how much of both nitrogen and oxygen methane needs to combust. A triangular plot graphically depicts the ratios of the three variables as positions in an equilateral triangle.

Image Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Flammability_diagram_methane.png

Wind Rose


This wind rose is of New York's LaGuardia Airport over the year 2008. A wind rose shows how wind speed and direction are distributed over a certain area over a certain time.

Image Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Wind_rose_plot.jpg

Climograph


This climograph is of the United States over a whole calendar year. A climograph is a graphical depiction of the monthly precipitation and temperature conditions for a selected place. Precipitation is shown by the bar graph. A line graph depicts temperature.

Image Source: http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/214/219557/climograph2_national_ drought%20_mitigation_center.gif

Population Profile


This image shows the differences in population change between Kenya, and United States, and Germany. Kenya had rapid growth, The U.S. had slow growth, and Germany had negative growth. Population profiles are commonly used to show the trends in population statistics over time.

Image Source: http://www.uni.edu/gai/India/India_Lesson_Plans/India_Population_Pyramids_files/image002.gif

Scatterplot


This scatter plot shows the relationship between waiting time between eruptions and eruption duration of Old Faithful. In a scatter plot the data is displayed as a collection of points, each having the value of one variable determining the position on the horizontal axis and the value of the other variable determining the position on the vertical axis.

Image Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Oldfaithful3.png

Index Value Plot


This graph shows relative daily index closings from 1992-2004 for Canada, France, Germany, Japan, the U.K., and the U.S. An index is defined as a statistical indicator/number derived from a formula, which is used to characterize a set of data. An index value plot is a type of visualization map that is plotted on a line graph.

Image Source: http://www.mathworks.com/products/demos/shipping/garch/garchcopulaevtdemo_01_thumbnail.png

Lorenz Curve


This graph shows income inequality. A Lorenz curve is a graph for showing the concentration of ownership of economic quantities such as wealth and income.

Image Source: http://knowledgerush.com/wiki_image/b/bd/Lorenz-curve1.png

Bilateral Graph


This graph shows rate trends between April 2007 and April 2008. A bilateral graph depicts increases on one side of a zero line and a decreases on the other side. Bilateral graphs are used to display data when there is both positive and negative values.

Image Source: http://www.680homes.com/blog/wp-content/rate-chart-april-07.jpg

Nominal Area Choropleth Map


This map shows the different ethnic groups residing in Kenya. Nominal area choropleth maps are used to display categorical data, and no statistical inferences can be drawn from them.

Image Source: http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/kenya_ethnic_1974.jpg

Unstandardized Choropleth Map

In unstandardized choropleth maps the data is not averaged, whereas in standardized choropleth maps it is. The boundaries for these types of maps are usually derived from the U.S. census. This type of map also usually utilizes a single color scheme.

Image Source: http://www.epa.gov/oppt/rsei/images/thematic.jpg

Standardized Choropleth Map


This map shows the percentage of the population aged 14 years and younger in Canada. Standardized choropleth maps are standardized to allow comparison of distribution among differing areas.

Image Source: http://www.statcan.ca/english/research/92F0138MIE/2008003/figures/figure3.1-en.jpg

Univariate Choropleth Map

This map shows Center for Disease Control data for the United States. A univariate choropleth uses one color scheme to represent only one data set on a map.

Image Source: http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/images/07_0091_02.gif

Bivariate Choropleth Map

This map shows population density in 2002, and percentage population change from 1989-2002 in Russia's Central Federal District. A bivariate choropleth map displays two variables on a single map by combining two different sets of graphic symbols or colors.

Image Source: http://www.geog.le.ac.uk/russianheartland/DemographicMaps/images/PopulationMaps/RaionMaps/7RaionPopDenPerCh8902.jpg

Unclassed Choropleth Map

This map shows lightning strike density per square kilometer within the continental United States for the years 1996-2005. An unclassed choropleth is designed to show statistical data in a multi-colored value moving from smallest to largest, using lighter colors to portray smaller values and using progressively darker shades to portray progressively greater values.

Image Source: http://www.weather.gov/os/lightning/images/Vaisala_96-05_Flash_Map.gif

Classed Choropleth Map

This map shows males per 100 females in the United States. A classed choropleth portrays varying statistics that occur within specified boundaries.

Image Source: http://my.ilstu.edu/~jrcarter/Geo204/Choro/map-AmFact-4eqint-orange-80pct.jpg

Range Graded Proportional Circle Map

This map shows EID events throughout the world. We can see that the majority of them occur in the U.S, and most of the occurrences in the U.S happen in the Northeast. In range graded maps, it is all about symbol size. The data are divided into categories, where the map reader can easily distinguish one class from the other.

Image Source: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v451/n7181/images/nature06536-f2.2.jpg

Continuously Variable Proportional Circle Map

This map shows percentage of major industry per area of Germany. A continuously variable proportional circle map is a proportional circle map which utilizes circles to create point data. This relates the scales to the specific data. The circles are in proportion to the variable being measured.

Image Source: http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/europe/west_germany_ind_1972.jpg

DOQQ (Digital Orthophoto Quadrangle)

A DOQQ is an aerial photograph geometrically corrected so that the scale is uniform, therefore the photo will have the same lack of distortion as a map.

Image Source: http://www.fmepedia.com/attachments//Raster_Mosaicking_Scenario/DOQQ.jpg

DEM (Digtal Elevation Model)

A DEM is a digital representation of ground surface topography or terrain. They are built using remote sensing techniques, and can either be raster or TIN format.

Image Source: http://www.landmonitor.wa.gov.au/images/products/dem.jpg

DLG (Digital Line Graph)

Digital line graphs are digital vector representations of cartographic information. They are drawn from aerial photos, or other cartographic information. Thet can be represented in either large scale, medium scale, or small scale.

Image Source: http://www.humanitarianinfo.org/imtoolbox/03_Mapping_GIS_GPS/GIS/GIS_Reference/GIS_General/GIS%20Poster_files/figure1a.jpg

DRG (Digital Raster Graphic)

A DRG is a scanned image of a USGS topographic map. The map is georeferenced to the earth and can be used for navigation purposes.

Image Source: http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/factsheets/fs08801.graphics/drg.jpg

Isopleth

This isopleth map shows hydrogen ion concentration(as pH) made at field labs across the U.S. An isopleth map connects points that share the same numerical value of some variable.

Image Source: http://nadp.sws.uiuc.edu/isopleths/maps2003/phfield.gif

Isopach

An isopach map connects points of equal thickness in a given area. Isopach maps are used in structural geology, sedimentology, and volcanology.

Image Source: http://www.republicenergy.com/Articles/Barnett_Shale/Isopach_Barnett_Shale.jpg

Isohyets

This Isohyet map is of rain gauge station data in Hong Kong. An isohyet is a line connecting points of equal precipitation.

Image Source: http://www.weather.gov.hk/informtc/prapiroon/prapiroon_rf.gif

Isotachs


Isotachs are lines on a given surface connecting points with equal wind speed. This is a isotach map of the Western United States.

Image Source: http://www.underthemeso.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/entry_20070223_1.gif

Isobars

This isobar map shows sea level pressure for a given study area for the UK and Ireland. Isobars are lines of equal pressure, and joins points which share that share values.

Image Source:http://www.weatheronline.co.nz/reports/wxfacts/isobars1.gif

LIDAR

This LIDAR image is of ground zero in New York City. LIDAR stands for light detection and ranging, and is used to determine heights of features on the earth surface from an aerial perspective.

Image Source: http://www.math.ucdavis.edu/~widemann/research/Ground_Zero_Lidar.jpg

Doppler Radar

This is a Doppler radar image of central Florida during a hurricane. A Doppler radar uses sound waves to visually depict weather patterns. Weather casters use this technology to predict and explain weather.

Image Source: http://www.weatherusa.net/blog/images/doppler-orlando-1943.gif

Black and White Aerial Photo



This black and white aerial photo shows an birds eye view of a city. These photos are only used by few, as now we have color, infrared and many other aerial sensing techniques.

Image Source: http://www.fas.org/irp/ imint/docs/rst/Sect21/BloomAerial4.JPG

Infrared Aerial Photo



In this infrared photo, you can see this city from an aerial perspective. The infrared camera captures light in the invisible infrared band of light. Geographers will usually use infrared to study land cover and plant nehavior.

Image Source: http://www.onlakepartners.org/gif/p1101d.gif

Cartographic Animation


This animation is of Hurricane Katrina. A cartographic animation makes it easier to study a particular spatial feature in greater detail than normal. In this case, weather casters can study this and predict future hurricanes.

Statistical Map



This map shows the percent change in metropolitan area population for the United States.

Image source: http://www.census.gov/popest/ gallery/maps/map_20002005.jpg

Monday, August 3, 2009

Cartogram


A cartogram is a map where a thematic variable is substituted for land area. In this map, the election results are mapped with area distorted to show strengths for either side.

Image Source: http://www.electoral-vote.com/evp2007/Pres/Carto/Dec27-c.png

Flow Map


A flow map shows the movement of objects from one place to another. This flow map shows total combined truck flows for Texas...as it relates to the continental U.S.

Image Source: http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ texas/combtrk_tx_1998.jpg

Isoline Map


This isoline map shows average temperature across the United States from March 18-24 2001. An isoline map joins points of the same value, where in this map, the lines connect points of equal temperature.

Image Source: http://www.learner.org/jnorth/images/ graphics/u-z/weather_isotherm032401.gif

Proportional Circle Map


This map shows the Filipino population of some selected states for the year 2000. The larger the circle, the greater the Filipino population in the given state.

Image Source: http://www.neiu.edu/~ambarda/ proportional_circle.jpg

Choropleth Map


This map categorizes each state according to the attribute of freshwater use per day in the United States.

Image Source: http://water.usgs.gov/ watuse/graphics/domap.st2.color.gif

Sunday, July 5, 2009

Remote Sensing


This is a aerial IKONOS photo taken of an area in China. This image and data were used for research by the owner of them.

Data Source: http://ecotope.org/aem/sites/yiyang/kml/yiyang_2002_images.kml

Sunday, June 7, 2009

Dot Density Map

This dot density map shows the population density of the United States, where 1 dot=7500 people. This type of map is used to represent a certain category of data, and project it in an easy and attractive form.

Source: http://www.census.gov/geo/www/mapGallery/images/2k_night.jpg

Propaganda Map

This propaganda map shows the United States colored according to how each county voted in an election. maps such as this can be used to sway people's thoughts, and for personal gain of creator.

Source: http://mwhodges.home.att.net/usmap-large.gif

Hypsometric Map

This hypsometric map shows Scotland in great detail. A hypsometric map depicts the earth's surface with the use of shading, contour lines, tinting, or relief models.

Source: http://www.davidrumsey.com/rumsey/Size4/D0044/00444009.jpg

PLSS

This is a PLSS map showing different survey and land partitioning districts. The PLSS (Public Land Survey System) is a way of describing and subdividing land in the U.S.

Source: http://ok.water.usgs.gov/arbsimp/images/plss.jpg

Cadastral Map

This cadastral map shows a section of a city with colors representing different kinds of ownership. A cadastral map is a legal map that describes boundaries and ownership.

Source: http://www.tmapy.cz/public/tmapy/img/assets/1074/katastralka_barevna.gif